| PTEAM.Data {heR.SurveyData} | R Documentation |
The complete data base for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) study. As part of the PTEAM study, human exposure to airborne particulate matter in the city of Riverside, CA (USA) was surveyed during 1990. A total of 178 respondents, who were nonsmokers age 10 years and older, participated in the study.
Indoor, outdoor, and personal monitoring of integrated particle mass over day and night 12-h (approximate) time periods was conducted for PM-10 and PM-2.5 using pumps and filters. Night monitoring began at about 7-8:30PM and day-time monitoring began the next day between approximately 4:00 and 8:30AM. Indoor and personal nicotine was monitored simultaneously using a backing filter. PAH and Phthalate were were collected indoors and outdoors at a subset of 125 homes. Filter and dichotomous particle sampler data were elementally analyzed with XRF.
A separate monitoring site (called the ``temporal site'') was established to provide ongoing 12-h measurements of ambient particles throughout the study (48 days). Reference PM-10 and dichotomous samplers were used at this site in addition to personal and stationary monitors identical to those used for participant monitoring.
Night-time (part 1) and day-time (part 2) recall time-activity questionnaires as well as household questionnaires were administered to each selected subject and household, respectively, and meteorological and air exchange rate data were recorded for each monitored home.
There are many reports and published articles available on PTEAM. Please see the references given below.
data(pteam.diary) data(pteam.quest1) ...
The PTEAM data frame objects are as follows:
pteam.diary |
Time-activity recall diary for both nighttime and daytime periods. [32 variables] Data on starting and stopping times for filter monitoring and time-activities, location of activities, and time with a smoker. |
pteam.quest1 |
Part 1 of respondent questionnaire. [125 variables] Minutes spent in locations and activities, and presence of exposure-related events including degree of smoking activity in the house, for night-time portion of monitoring period. |
pteam.quest2 |
Part 2 of respondent questionnaire. [125 variables] Minutes spent in locations and activities, and presence of exposure-related events including degree of smoking activity in the house, for day-time portion of monitoring period. |
pteam.quest3 |
Part 3 of respondent questionnaire. [76 variables] Information on the respondent and physical characteristics of the household. |
pteam.house |
General information on housing characteristics. [10 variables] Type of unit and date/time of setup. |
pteam.screen |
Screening questionnaire. [70 variables] Questions on smoker/nonsmoker status, and houshold member age, employment, and education. |
pteam.weights |
Sample weights for house and subjects |
pteam.air |
House air exchange rates |
pteam.airblank |
House air exchange rate field blanks |
pteam.met |
Local meteorological data |
pteam.avemet |
12-hour average meteorological data |
pteam.field |
Mass of particles on field filters. [60 variables] Various data on particle filter sampling, including whether a PM-10or PM-2.5 sample, location (indoor/outdoor/personal), 12-h period (day/night), set-up/take-down times, elapsed time of sample, temperature, measured mass on filter, pump flow, and average particle concentration in ug/m3. |
pteam.nic |
Nicotine mass on filters. [13 variables] 12-h period of data collection (day/night), location (indoor/personal), and concentration of nicotine in ug/m3(?). |
pteam.blanks |
Blanks for filters |
pteam.temp |
Temporal site filter measurements |
pteam.qa |
QA on weighing of filters |
pteam.wedding |
Wedding particle sampler (filters) |
pteam.wedblank |
Wedding sampler field blanks |
pteam.rotameter |
Rotameter calibration data |
pteam.dichot |
Dichotomous coarse and fine particle sampler (filters) |
pteam.diblank |
Blanks for dichotomous sampler |
pteam.cascade |
Cascade impactor particle sampler (multiple stages/fractions) |
pteam.cascal |
Calibration data for cascade sampler |
pteam.drielem |
DRI XRF analysis of filters |
pteam.lbldich |
LBL XRF analysis of dichotomous samples |
pteam.lblelem |
LBL *duplicate* XRF analysis of filters |
pteam.srm |
SRM data |
pteam.xrf.dich.temp.1 |
XRF dichotomous from temporal site (1st of 3 files) |
pteam.xrf.dich.temp.2 |
XRF dichotomous from temporal site (2nd of 3 files) |
pteam.xrf.dich.temp.3 |
XRF dichotomous from temporal site (3rd of 3 files) |
pteam.xrf.dich.blank |
XRF dichotomous blanks |
pteam.xrf.dich.srm |
XRF dichotomous SRM data |
pteam.xrf.filters.homes.1 |
XRF filters from homes (1st of 2 files) |
pteam.xrf.filters.homes.2 |
XRF filters from homes (2nd of 2 files) |
pteam.xrf.filters.temp |
XRF filters from temporal site |
pteam.xrf.filters.fblanks |
XRF filters field blanks |
pteam.xrf.filters.lblanks |
XRF filters laboratory blanks |
pteam.xrf.filters.srm |
XRF filters SRM data |
Abbreviations:
SRM = standard reference material
XRF = X-ray fluorescence
DRI = Desert Research Institute
LBL = Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
QA = quality assurance
R data-frame objects with varying numbers of variables and records.
There are a total of 38 separate data frame objects that
comprise the R PTEAM data base that correspond to each of the original
PTEAM ASCII files in the standard distribution from EPA. Note: SAS-
format files are also available from EPA. The EPA ASCII PTEAM
distribution contains codebook (CBK) files that give the original descriptions and
value labels for each of the variables. Use the print.comments
function to view the variable comments (i.e., long labels) for each
R dataframe and an overall dataframe comment.
Lance Wallace (PTEAM manager) of the U.S. EPA, Reston, VA
PREPILOT STUDY – NINE HOMES
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles
Clayton, C.A., Pellizzari, E.D., and Wiener, R.W. Use of a Pilot Study for Designing a Large-Scale
Probability Study of Personal Exposure to Aerosols. J Exposure Analysis and Environmental
Epidemiology 1:407-22, 1991.
Project Reports
Pellizzari, E.D. and Spengler, J.D. Nine-Home Particle TEAM Study. EPA Contract No. 68-02-
4544, Work Assignment II-66. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, 1990.
Conference Proceedings
Anderson, R., Kamens, R., and Rodes, C. A Collocation Study of PM-10 and PM-2.5 Inertial Impactors for Indoor aerosol Exposure Assessment. In: Proceedings of EPA/AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP- 13) Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 464-469, 1989.
Spengler, J.D., Özkaynak, H., Ludwig, J., Allen, G., Pellizzari, E.D., and Wiener, R. Personal Exposures to Particulate Matter: Instruments and Methodologies of PTEAM." In: Proceedings of EPA/AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP-13) Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 449-463, 1989.
Wiener, R.W. Measurement and Evaluation of Personal Exposure to Aerosols. In: Proceedings of the EPA-AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic Chemicals. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP-10), Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 84-88, 1988.
Wiener, R.W. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology–An Overview of Planning and Accomplishments. In: Proceedings of the EPA-AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic Chemicals. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP-13), Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 442-448, 1989.
Wiener, R.W., Wallace, L.A., Pahl, D., Pellizzari, E.D., Whitaker, D., Spengler, J. and Özkaynak,
H. Review of the Particle TEAM 9-home Field Study. In: Proceedings of the EPA-AWMA
Symposium on Measurement of Toxic Chemicals. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP-17),
Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 452-460, 1990.
PILOT STUDY – 178 HOMES
Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Özkaynak, H., Xue, J., Spengler, J.D., Wallace, L.A., Pellizzari, E.D. and Jenkins, P. "Personal Exposure to Airborne Particles and Metals: Results from the Particle TEAM Study in Riverside, CA." J. Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 6:57-78, 1996.
Clayton, C.A., Perritt, R.L. Pellizzari, E.D., Thomas, K.W., Whitmore, R.W., Özkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D., and Wallace, Lance A. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) Study: Distributions of Aerosol and Elemental concentrations in Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Air Samples in a Southern California Community. J Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 3:227-250, 1993.
Thomas, ,K.W., Pellizzari, E.D., Clayton, C.A., Whitaker, D.A., Shores, R.C., Spengler, J.D., Özkaynak, H. and Wallace, Lance A. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) Study: Method Performance and Data Quality for Personal, Indoor, and Outdoor Aerosol Monitoring at 178 Homes in Southern California. J Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 3:203- 226, 1993.
Wallace, L. Indoor Particles: A Review. J Air & Waste Management Assoc. 46:98-126. 1996.
Ott, W., Wallace, L. and Mage D. Predicting Particulate (PM10) Personal Exposure Distributions Using a Random Component Superposition Statistical Model, J Air Waste Manage Assoc 50: 1390-1406. 2000.
Yakovleva, E., Hopke, P. and Wallace, L. Positive Matrix Factorization in Determining Sources
of Particles Measured in EPAs Particle TEAM Study, Environmental Science & Technology,
October, 1999.
Project Reports
Mamane, Y. Characterization of PTEAM Indoor Aerosol Samples (Electron Microscopy Analysis). Order No. 1D3066NFFX. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory. Research Triangle Park, NC, 1992.
Özkaynak, H., Xue, J., Weker, R., Butler, D., and Spengler, J. The Particle TEAM (PTEAM) Study: Analysis of the Data. Volume III. Draft Final Report. Contract #68-02-4544. US EPA. Research Triangle Park, NC. 1993.
Pellizzari, E.D., Thomas, K.W., Clayton, C.A., Whitmore, R.W., Shores, R.C., Zelon, H.S., and Perritt, R.L. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM): Riverside, California Pilot Study. Volume I. NTIS # PB 93-166 957/AS. National Technical Information Service. Springfield, VA, 1993a.
Pellizzari, E.D., Thomas, K.W., Clayton, C.A., Whitmore, R.W., Shores, R.C., Zelon, H.S., and Perritt, R.L. Project Summary. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM): Riverside, California Pilot Study. Volume I. EPA/600/SR-93/050. US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1993b.
Pellizzari, E.D. and Spengler, J.D. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM): Pilot Study, Volume I: Study Design. Workplan for EPA Contract No. 68-02-4544, EPA Work Assignment 67, CARB Agreement No. A833-060, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1990a.
Pellizzari, E.D. and Spengler, J.D. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM): Pilot Study, Volume II: Protocols for Environmental Sampling and Analysis, Workplan for EPA Contract No. 68-02-4544, EPA Work Assignment 67, CARB Agreement No. A833-060, U. S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1990b.
Pellizzari, E.D. and Spengler, J.D. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM): Pilot Study Volume III: Quality Assurance Project Plan, Workplan for EPA Contract No. 68-02- 4544, EPA Work Assignment 67 and CARB Agreement No. A833-060. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1990c.
Sheldon, L., Clayton, A. Keever, J., Perritt, R. and Whitaker, D. PTEAM: Monitoring of Phthalates
and PAHs in Indoor and Outdoor Air Samples in Riverside, California. Volume II. California Air
Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, 1992.
Conference Proceedings
Jenkins, P.L., Hui, S.P., Phillips, T.J. and Lum, S.B. Toxic Air Pollutants in California Residences. In: Edwards, L. (ed) Current Issues in Air Toxics: Proceedings of the Third Annual West Coast Regional Air and Waste Management Association Conference Nov. 9-10, 1992. Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Özkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D., Ludwig, J. F., Butler, D.A., Clayton, C.A., Pellizzari, E.d., and Wiener, R.W. Personal Exposure to Particulate Matter: Findings from the Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) Prepilot Study. In: Walkinshaw (ed) Indoor Air '90: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Canada Mortgage and Housing Association, Ottawa, Canada. Vol. 2, pp. 571-576, 1990.
Özkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D., Xue, J., Koutrakis, P., Pellizzari, E.D., and Wallace, L.A. Sources and Factors Influencing Personal and Indoor Exposures to Particles: Findings from the Particle TEAM Pilot Study. In: Indoor Air '93: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Vol. 3: pp. 457-462, 1993.
Perritt, R.L., Clayton, C.A., Pellizzari, E.D., Thomas, K.W., Wallace, L.A., Spengler, J.D., and Özkaynak, H. Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodoloyg (PTEAM) Pilot Study: Personal, Indoor, and OUtdoor Particulate Concentration Distributions for Southern Caliifornia; Fall 1990– Preliminary Results. In: Proceedings of the EPA-AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic Chemicals, Vol. 2. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP-21), Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 665-671, 1991.
Sheldon, L., Whitaker, D., Keever, J., Clayton, A. and Perritt, R. Phthalates and PAHs in Indoor and Outdoor Air in a Southern California Community. In: Indoor Air '93: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate vol. 3: pp. 109-114. Helsinki University of Technology. Espoo, Finland, 1993.
Wallace, Lance A., Pellizzari, E.D., Spengler, J.D., Jenkins, P. et al. Initial Results from the PTEAM Study: Survey Design, Population Response Rates, Monitor Performance, and Quality Control Results. In: Proceedings of the EPA-AWMA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic Chemicals, Vol. 2. Air and Waste Management Association (VIP-21), Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 659-664, 1991a.
Wallace, Lance A., Pellizzari, E.D., Spengler, J.D., Jenkins, P. et al. The US EPA TEAM Study of Inhalable Particles (PM-10): Study Design, Response Rate, and Sampler Performance. Paper #91- 171.3 presented at the 84th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vancouver, BC, June 1991b. NTIS # PB91-182873.
Wallace, L., Özkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D., Pellizzari, E.D., and Jenkins, P. Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air Exposures to Particles, Elements, and Nicotine for 178 Residents of Riverside, California. In: Indoor Air '93: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate. Vol. 3: pp. 445-450. Helsinki University of Technology. Espoo, Finland, 1993.
data(pteam.air) summary(pteam.air)